Throughout the world, hundreds of countries and territories serve as unique pockets in the global mosaic of wonders, but these distinctions do present some barriers. Names often surpass language barriers, but that is not always true when it comes to the names of countries. Standards, however, have long served to break down barriers and streamline communication and industry processes, and ISO serves to provide a universal resource for country abbreviations.
Various names for a single nation can derive from numerous historical factors. Over time, different groups encounter places previously unseen by their eyes and attach their own name to that region or nation. Some nations and peoples borrow existing names for places, and the pull of that word to match the phonetics of their language can drive loanword adaptation, ultimately forming a largely different name.
See full list on blog. These act as universal abbreviations for the nations around the world. Common uses for the country codes specified in these standards include as top-level domain names e. ISO , as the first part of this series of standards, sets specifications for the country codes themselves.
Specifically, it establishes for each country an alphabetic 2-character alpha-2 code, an alphabetic 3-character alpha-3 code, and a three-digit numeric numeric-3 code.
Please note that ISO does not define the names of countries. This information instead comes from the United Nations, and the internati The current version of the standard for country codes revises and supersedes the past edition of the same document from To keep current this essential set of rules for country codes, ISO contains the following changes: 1.
The codes were moved to the database format. The components of the codes now are defined by descriptors, not by column or line numbers. ISO has three parts: codes for countries, codes for subdivisions and formerly used codes codes that were once used to describe countries but are no longer in use.
The country codes can be represented either as a two-letter code alpha-2 which is recommended as the general-purpose code, a three-letter code alpha-3 which is more closely related to the country name and a three-digit numeric code numeric-3 which can be useful if you need to avoid using Latin script.
The codes for subdivisions are represented as the alpha-2 code for the country, followed by up to three characters. Names and codes for subdivisions are usually taken from relevant official national information sources.
The formerly used codes are four-letter codes alpha How the alpha-4 codes are constructed depends on the reason why the country name has been removed. Read more about the different types of codes in the Glossary for ISO For more information, visit the ISO Store. ISO is regularly updated to reflect changes in country names and subdivisions.
Over time, different groups encounter places previously unseen by their eyes and attach their own name to that region or nation. Some nations and peoples borrow existing names for places, and the pull of that word to match the phonetics of their language can drive loanword adaptation , ultimately forming a largely different name. Varying country names are distinguished by endonyms name given by an insider to a place, person, or thing and exonyms name given to a place, person, or thing by an outsider.
A great example of a nation with numerous exonyms is Germany. The English exonym is Germany, but the endonym what Germans call it is Deutschland. However, a multitude of other names exist for this country, and they all derive from its history. The Gauls of France, however, called their neighbors Germani.
Throughout history, this region was home to migratory tribes, and it is from the Allamanni that the French call the nation Allemagne and the Saxons that the Finns call it Saksa.
Alternatively, Slavic languages have given the country names derived from the Neman River, such as the Polish Niemcy. Germany is not alone in history shifting its global nomenclature. Marco Polo, during his travels, learned about an island called Cipangu in one of the Chinese dialects. This likely corrupted into the Italian Giappone.
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